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What's the difference between a
mushroom & a fungus? |
A mushroom's life cycle.
7 images
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Fungi
that cause tree heart rot.
6 images |
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Boletes
Boletes look like your typical mushroom, but
instead of having gills beneath the caps, there is a layer of
downward-pointing tubes. Upon close inspection of what may at
first glance look like a solid mass beneath the cap, what you will
actually find are many fine open ends of tubes. Some have compared
the tubes to looking like the holes of a fine sponge. |
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Boletus badius
(syn. Xerocomus badius)
[Bay Bolete]
7 images
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Leccinum
scabrum
[Birch Bolete,
Rough-stemmed Bolete or "Scaber Stalk]
3 images
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Strobilomyces
strobilaceus
(Old Man of
the Woods)
8 images
|
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Suillus
americanus
[White Pine Bolete,
American Slippery Jack, American Suillus or C
hicken Fat Mushroom.
11 images
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Suillus brevipes
[Short-Stalked Bolete,
Stubby Stalk,
Short-Stemmed Slippery Jack]
7 images
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Suillus granulatus
[Granular Dotted Bolete]
7 images
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Tylopilus
felleus
[Bitter Bolete]
10 images
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Unidentified Boletes
8 images
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Bracket Fungi
Bracket fungi, or
polypores, are also
sometimes called "shelf" or "conk" mushrooms that grow on or from wood.
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Cerrena
unicolor
[Mossy Maze
Polypore]
11 images
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Daedalea quercina
[Oak Polypore or Oak Mazegill]
6 images
|
Fomes
fomentarius
[Tinder Polypore-Conk,
Hoof Fungus]
6 images
|
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Ganoderma
applanatum
[Artist's
Conk]
32 images
|
Heterobasidion
annosum ?
[Annosum Root Rot]
3 images
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Inonotus radiatus?
5 images
|
|
Irpex
lacteus
[Milk-white
Toothed Polypore]
8 images
|
Ischnoderma
resinosum
[Late Fall Polypore, Resinous Polypore, Benzoin Bracket]
7 images
|
Oxyporus
populinus
[Mossy Maple Polypore, Mossy Cap Poloypre, Pappelporling, Poplar Bracket]
6 images
|
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Phellinus
igniarius
[Tinder Box
Fungus,
Willow Bracket]
21 images
|
Phellinus
pini
[Red Ring Rot]
5 images
|
Phlebia tremellosa?
Phlebia radiata?
7 images
|
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Polyporus alveolaris
[Polyporus
mori,
Favolous
alveolaris]
12 images
|
Polyporus
leptocephalus
[Blackfoot Polypore]
8 images
|
Polyporus
squamosus
[Dryad's
Saddle]
14 images
|
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Trametes series
[Turkey Tail & Others]
18 images
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Trametes pubescens
9 images
|
Learn About +
Unidentified Bracket Fungi
2 images
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Chanterelles
& Related Fungi
The gills of chanterelles are different than
regular gilled mushrooms. They are blunt, forked and
cross-veined. |
|
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Cantharellus
cibarius
[Chanterelle
Mushrooms]
13 images
|
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Coral Fungi
Basidiomycota
- Hymenomycetes. The fruiting bodies within this type of fungi
classification grow upwards as either single stalks or branches. Coral fungi look like marine
coral. Some look like fingers. Note: there are also
"false" coral specimens.
|
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Clavicorona
pyxidata
[Crown
Coral]
11 images
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Clavulina cristata
[Cockscomb Coral]
13 images
|
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Cup, Sac & Disk Fungi
These fungi are disk or
cup-shaped. Some have stalks while others do not. While most
are small, others are several centimeters in width.
|
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Bisporella
citrina
[Yellow Fairy Cups or Lemon Discos or Drops]
3 images
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Daldinia concentrica
[Coal Fungus, Carbon/Cramp Balls, King Alfred's Cakes]
6 images
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Hypomyces
lactifluorum
[Lobster
Mushroom]
4 images
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Hypoxylon
multiforme
[Birch Hypoxylon]
4 images
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Pachyella
clypeata
[Copper Penny]
7 images
|
Scutellinia
scutellata
[Eyelash Cup]
12 images
|
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Xylaria
longipes
[Stalked
Xylaria &
Dead Moll's Fingers]
12 images
|
Xylaria
polymorpha
[Dead Man's
Fingers]
12 images
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Gilled
Fungi - Agarics
Most gilled mushrooms have caps that are
supported by a stalk. What differentiates this group of fungi are
the gills that radiate from the stalk to the edge of the cap.
Mushrooms in this grouping range from those with very tiny caps to ones with truly large
ones. Most agarics grow on the ground, but there are some species
that grow on wood with either small or no stalks.
Aminata,
Russula and Lactarius all belong to this group. What's the
same? different?
ALL
three are difficult to identify! There are many
species of each which are difficult to identify for both the beginner and
expert fungus enthusiast.
Typical
Amanita characteristics include: large colourful specimens, pale gills (with some exceptions)
free from stem; white spore prints; evidence of universal veil that
creates a volva (cup at the base); dry caps. Some species also have warts and patches
on their caps and a ring on the stem.
Amanita look very much like the fungi in the Limacella genus
and they have much the
same characteristics except that the caps of Limacella are slimy.
Remember though, that the caps of
old species may dry up!
The
Lactarius and Russula
genera are medium-sized to large mushrooms that are common and
widespread. I'm not going to even attempt
identification here and have included all large gilled mushrooms in this
section.
Lactarius
are called “milk” mushrooms since when a young specimen is cut, they
“bleed” a latex-like fluid. Russula
spp. are related to Lactarius and
are very similar except that they do not bleed. |
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Agaricus
arvensis
[The Horse Mushroom]
20 images
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Agrocybe
molesta
[Cracked-Top]
4 images
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Amanita
bisporigera
[Destroying Angel,
Deadly Amanita, White Death Cap,
Angel of Death]
15 images
|
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Amanita
fulva
[Tawny Grisette]
3 images
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Amanita
gemmata
[Gem-studded
Amanita]
11 images
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Amanita -
Hypomyces hyalinus
10 images
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Amanita muscaria
var. formosa
[Fly Agaric]
14 images
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Amanita rubescens
[The Blusher]
9 images
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Amanita Learn About + unidentified
species.
50 images
|
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Armillaria mellea
[Honey Mushroom or
Bootlace Fungus]
37 images
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Coprinus
4 images
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Crepidotus
[Flat Crep + more]
5 images
|
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Flammulina velutipes
[Velvet Foot, Enokitake
Winter Mushroom]
10 images
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Galerina
[Deadly Galerina ?]
4 images
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Gymnopilus
luteofolius
[Yellow-Gilled Gymnopilus]
6 images
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Hygrophorus pustulatus
4 images
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Inocybe
lacera
[Torn Fibrecap]
3 images
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Lactarius vs Russula Mushrooms Unidentified
12 images
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Lactarius subvellereus
3 images
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Marasmius
oreades
[Fairy Ring
Fungus]
11 images
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Marasmius
rotula
[Pinwheel
Mushroom, Little Wheel, Collared Parachute, Horse Hair Fungus]
9 images
|
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Mycena
leaiana
[Orange Mycena,
Lea's Mycena]
12 images
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Mycena
polygramma
[Grooved Bonnet]
5 images
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Panaeolina
foenisecii
[Haymaker's
Mushroom, Brown Mottlegill,
Mower's Mushroom]
7 images
|
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Panellus
stipticus
[Luminescent
Panellus
& Bitter Oysterling]
10 images
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Pholiota
squarrosoides
[Scaly Pholiota
or
Sharp-scaly Pholiota]
10 images
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Pleurotus
dryinus
[Kummer Cap]
9 images
|
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Pluteus
atricapillus
[Deer
Mushroom]
8 images
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Russula
brevipes
[Short-stemmed Russula or Stubby Brittlegill]
21 images
|
Russula emetica ?
[Sickener, Emetic or
Vomiting Russula]
11 images
|
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Russula - Unidentifed
Russula densifolia?
R. amoenolens?
R. nigricans?
5 images
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Tapinella atrotomentosa
[Velvet Rollrim or
Velvet-footed Pax]
6 images
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Learn About + Unidentified Gilled Mushrooms
39 images
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Gilled
- Wax Cap Mushrooms |
Hygrocybe coccinea
[Scarlet Hood]
4 images |
Hygrophorus flavescens
[Wax Cap Mushroom]
8 images |
Wax Cap Learn About + Misc.
1 image |
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Jelly Fungi
Jelly fungi are gelatinous in
appearance. During dry periods, these fungi shrivel and almost
disappear, only to reabsorb water during rainy weather. The fruiting
bodies of these species return to their normal shape quickly to continue
their spore production. |
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Dacrymyces
palmatus
[Orange Jelly]
17 images
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Dacrypinax
spathularia
[Fan-shaped Jelly Fungus]
5 images
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Pleurotus & Similar Fungi
These mushrooms have features
similar to Oyster Mushrooms.
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Pleurotus ostreatus
[Oyster Mushroom]
19 images
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Puffballs
& Earthstars
As
their name implies, Puffballs are circular in shape with spores that
develop inside. The spores are "puffed" out of a hole that
dissolves on the top. Puffing requires some kind of mechanical
force, but something like falling rain will result in puffs of spores that
look like smoke. Puffballs are members of the class Gasteromycetes
with literally means "stomach fungi". Earthstars are puffballs with tissue radiating away from the spore case.
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Lycoperdon perlatum
[Common, Warted, Gemm-studded Puffball]
9 images
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Lycoperdon
pusillum
[White Puffball]
9 images
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Lycoperdon pyriforme /
Morganella pyriformis
[Pear-shaped or
Wolf's-fart Puffball]
10 images
|
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Lycoperdon
subincarnata
[Ruddy Puffball]
5 images
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Scleroderma
citrinum
[Earthball]
12 images
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Slime Moulds
(Myxomycota)
Technically
slime moulds are not actually fungi, but are fungus-like. These
strange looking objects are often described as looking like
"tapioca", "toothpaste" or "dog vomit" are
slimy, gelatinous masses of protoplasm called a "plasmodium". Slime
moulds live in well-rotted organic matter and migrate to various
sites. When it is time for them to fruit, the plasmodium travels to
an optimal site. Slime moulds can be seen fruiting on living and
dead plants, grasses, trees, stumps, etc.
Since
they do produce spores like fungi, many mycologists continue to study them
and include them when talking about fungi. With names like
"Scrambled Egg Slime Mould" and "Wolf's Milk", I find
this species fascinating and quite beautiful. Most slime moulds are
very small, perhaps only a few centimeters, but some species can grow to
be several meters in size. To appreciate their delicate beauty, I suggest a microscope or at least a very good magnifying glass!
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Arcyria
cinerea
7 images
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Arcyria
denudata
[Carnival
Candy Slime mould]
10 images
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Brefeldia
maxima
[Tapioca
Slime Mould]
3 images
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Ceratiomyxa
fruitculosa var. porioides
[Coral Slime
Mould]
5 images
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Fluigo
septica
[Dog Vomit Slime
Mould]
14 images
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Hemitrichia
[Calyculata or Clavata]
16 images
|
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Lycogala epidendrum and
L. terrestre
[Toothpaste
Slime]
26 images
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Mucilago crustacea
3 images
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Stemonitis
axifera
[Chocolate
Tube Slime Mould]
11 images
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Tubifera
ferruginosa
[Red
Raspberry Slime]
2 images
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Tooth Fungi
Tooth fungi are different from coral
mushrooms since their "teeth" point down, while coral
mushrooms have columns that grow upwards.
|
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Hericium americanum
[Lion's Mane,
Bear's Head Tooth Fungus, Monkey Head" or "The
Icicle Mushroom]
5 images
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Spongipellis pachyodon
?
[Soft Toothed Polypore
& White Heart Rot]
6 images
|
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Miscellaneous
Other Fungi This
category includes those fungi that fall somewhere outside the above
categories. Also, I've included those that I have yet to identify. |
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Amanita -
Hypomyces hyalinus
10 images
|
Kretzschmaria
deusta
[Brittle
Cinder
or Carbon Cushion]
11 images
|
Phaeolus
schweinitzii
[Dye Maker's
Polypore]
16 images
|
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Is
this a fungi? |
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Monotropa uniflora
[Indian Pipe, Ghost Plant & Corpse
Plant]
17 images
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While
most fungi are widely distributed, there are some that are found in only
certain regions. Until I have the opportunity to travel and
photograph fungi in other parts of the world, most of the images presented
here are of fungi in North America. I will also concentrate on only those
that can be seen with the eye, those known as "Macrofungi".
Mycologists
have traditionally identified fungi as either Gilled or Non-Gilled.
Gilled Fungi include only species of the Division Basidiomycota with
gills. Gill fungi are the largest group of Macrofungi and are
usually further subdivided into groupings according to the colour of their
spores which may be dark-coloured, light-coloured, pink or brown.
Quite
often mycologists will make spore prints. This entails cutting off
the stalk of the mushroom, placing the cap on a sheet of clear plastic,
and covering it with a bowl overnight. By morning, the cap will
have released its spores onto the plastic and you will see a
pattern. Remember, a mushroom's spores are microscopic and you
would not be able to see them, except for the fact that the mushroom
releases millions of them. The pattern and colour of the
print that is produced is from many millions of spores!
